Pálmamag héj

Data provider

Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Group

Organisation/Data provider's nameBudapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Group
Name of contact
Dr. Molnár Mónika, Dr. Feigl Viktória
Contact details
Telephone/fax
+36-1-4632347
E-mail
mmolnar@mail.bme.hu
vfeigl@mail.bme.hu
Website
http://envirotox.hu
General information about the waste or by-product
Denomination of the waste or by-productPálmamag héj
Denomination of the waste or by-product in English
Palm kernel shell
Type of the waste or by-product data-sheet
General characterization
Functional characterisation
Non-hazardous waste from food industry
EWC code of waste
  • 02 WASTES FROM AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, AQUACULTURE, FORESTRY, HUNTING AND FISHING, FOOD PREPARATION AND PROCESSING
  • HUF
  • konzervgyártásból
  • lesztő és élesztő kivonat készítéséből, melasz feldolgozásból és fermentálásból származó hulladékok
  • 02 03 01 sludges from washing, cleaning, peeling, centrifuging and separation
Consistency of the waste or by-product
Solid
Description of the waste generating technology

A pálmamag hántolása során keletkezett hulladék.

Is it a hazardous waste?
no
Characterisation of the waste as a chemical substance
Blend
Characterisation and concentration of the chemical substances
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other inorganic chemical compounds
  • carbon
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
48 mass %
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other inorganic chemical compounds
  • oxigene
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
34 mass %
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other inorganic chemical compounds
  • hydrogen
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
6.4 mass %
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other inorganic chemical compounds
  • nitrogen (total)
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
1.27 mass %
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other inorganic chemical compounds
  • sulphur
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
0.09 mass %
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other organic chemical substance
Other type of chemical substance
Cellulóz
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
33 mass %
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other organic chemical substance
Other type of chemical substance
Hemicellulóz
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
24 mass %
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other organic chemical substance
Other type of chemical substance
Lignin
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
46 mass %
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other inorganic chemical compounds
  • sodium
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
178.5 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other inorganic chemical compounds
  • potassium
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
2500 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other inorganic chemical compounds
  • magnesium
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
875 mass %
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other inorganic chemical compounds
  • calcium
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
16450 mass %
Main characteristics of the waste/ by-product
Name of the waste/by-product
Pálmamag
Components of the waste/by-product

Alkáli és alkáli földfém tartalom (ppm): Na: 178.5; K: 2500; Mg: 875; Ca: 16450. Kémiai összetevők (tömeg %): Cellulóz: 33.04, Hemicellulóz: 23.82, Lignin: 45.59,
Forrás: Kim, S.J., Jung, S.H., Kim, J.S. (2010) Fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shells: Influence of operation parameters on the bio-oil yield and the yield of phenol and phenolic compounds, Bioresource Technology 101(23), pp. 9294-9300.

Physico-chemical properties of the waste or by-product
Dry matter content (%)
92
Moisture content (%)
8
Ignition loss (LOI) (%)
9
Is this waste or by-product being utilised?
Yes
Utilisation

Aktívszenet gyártanak belőle.
Jumasiah, A., Chuah, T.G., Gimbon, J., Choong, T.S.Y., Azni, I. (2005) Adsorption of basic dye onto palm kernel shell activated carbon: sorption equilibrium and kinetics studies, Desalination 186(1–3), pp. 57-64.

Égetéssel energianyerésre hasznosítják.
Ninduangdee, P., Kuprianov, V.I. (2013) Study on burning oil palm kernel shell in a conical fluidized-bed combustor using alumina as the bed material, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 44(6), pp. 1045-1053.

Az iparban redukáló ágensként hasznosítható vasérc feldolgozó üzem hulladékával együtt.
Rashid, R.Z.A., Salleh, H.M., Ani, M.H., Yunus, N.A., Akiyama, T., Purwanto, H. (2014) Reduction of low grade iron ore pellet using palm kernel shell, Renewable Energy 63, pp. 617-623.

References on utilisation

Bio olaj előállítására alkalmas.
Asadullah, M., Rasid, N.S.A., Kadir, S.A.S.A., Azdarpour, A. (2013) Production and detailed characterization of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shell, Biomass and Bioenergy, In Press.

Hazards of the waste or by-product
Hazard characteristics
Not classified
No information
Measured harmful effects
No
Suspected harmful effects

Nagy mennyiségben a talajba helyezve a pentozán hatással számolni kell.
Ezen kívül nem ismert más hasznosítással összefügő kockázata.

Potential utilisation in soil
Would it be suitable for soil reclamation in general?
Yes
Justification, references

Magas szervesanyagtartalmának köszönhetően.
Ninduangdee, P., Kuprianov, V.I. (2013) Study on burning oil palm kernel shell in a conical fluidized-bed combustor using alumina as the bed material, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 44(6), pp. 1045-1053.

Rashid, R.Z.A., Salleh, H.M., Ani, M.H., Yunus, N.A., Akiyama, T., Purwanto, H. (2014) Reduction of low grade iron ore pellet using palm kernel shell, Renewable Energy 63, pp. 617-623.

Kim, S.J., Jung, S.H., Kim, J.S. (2010) Fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shells: Influence of operation parameters on the bio-oil yield and the yield of phenol and phenolic compounds, Bioresource Technology 101(23), pp. 9294-9300.

Would it supply nitrogen, phosphorous and/or potassium to the soil?
Yes
Justification, references

N tartalma 1,27%; K tartalma 2500 ppm

Ninduangdee, P., Kuprianov, V.I. (2013) Study on burning oil palm kernel shell in a conical fluidized-bed combustor using alumina as the bed material, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 44(6), pp. 1045-1053.

Rashid, R.Z.A., Salleh, H.M., Ani, M.H., Yunus, N.A., Akiyama, T., Purwanto, H. (2014) Reduction of low grade iron ore pellet using palm kernel shell, Renewable Energy 63, pp. 617-623.

Kim, S.J., Jung, S.H., Kim, J.S. (2010) Fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shells: Influence of operation parameters on the bio-oil yield and the yield of phenol and phenolic compounds, Bioresource Technology 101(23), pp. 9294-9300.

Would it supply mesoelements (Ca, Cl, Fe, Mg, Na, S, Si) to the soil?
Yes
Justification, references

A következő mezoelemeket tartalmazza (ppm): Na: 178.5; Mg: 875; Ca: 16450.

Kim, S.J., Jung, S.H., Kim, J.S. (2010) Fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shells: Influence of operation parameters on the bio-oil yield and the yield of phenol and phenolic compounds, Bioresource Technology 101(23), pp. 9294-9300.

Would it supply microelements (B, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Zn, V) to the soil?
No information
Would it provide sufficient amounts of special nutrients to the soil?
No
Justification, references

Ninduangdee, P., Kuprianov, V.I. (2013) Study on burning oil palm kernel shell in a conical fluidized-bed combustor using alumina as the bed material, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 44(6), pp. 1045-1053.

Rashid, R.Z.A., Salleh, H.M., Ani, M.H., Yunus, N.A., Akiyama, T., Purwanto, H. (2014) Reduction of low grade iron ore pellet using palm kernel shell, Renewable Energy 63, pp. 617-623.

Kim, S.J., Jung, S.H., Kim, J.S. (2010) Fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shells: Influence of operation parameters on the bio-oil yield and the yield of phenol and phenolic compounds, Bioresource Technology 101(23), pp. 9294-9300.

Would it increase the humus/organic matter content of the soil?
Yes
Justification, references

Magas szerves anyag tartalmának köszönhetően alkalmas lehet.
Ninduangdee, P., Kuprianov, V.I. (2013) Study on burning oil palm kernel shell in a conical fluidized-bed combustor using alumina as the bed material, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 44(6), pp. 1045-1053.

Rashid, R.Z.A., Salleh, H.M., Ani, M.H., Yunus, N.A., Akiyama, T., Purwanto, H. (2014) Reduction of low grade iron ore pellet using palm kernel shell, Renewable Energy 63, pp. 617-623.

Kim, S.J., Jung, S.H., Kim, J.S. (2010) Fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shells: Influence of operation parameters on the bio-oil yield and the yield of phenol and phenolic compounds, Bioresource Technology 101(23), pp. 9294-9300.

Would it suffice as a main component of growing media?
No
Would it suffice as an additive to growing media?
Yes
Justification, references

Magas szervesanyagtartalmának köszönhetően táptalajul szolgálhat a talajban élő mikroorganizmusok számára és hozzájárulhat a szerkezeti humusztartalom növeléséhez.
Ninduangdee, P., Kuprianov, V.I. (2013) Study on burning oil palm kernel shell in a conical fluidized-bed combustor using alumina as the bed material, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 44(6), pp. 1045-1053.

Rashid, R.Z.A., Salleh, H.M., Ani, M.H., Yunus, N.A., Akiyama, T., Purwanto, H. (2014) Reduction of low grade iron ore pellet using palm kernel shell, Renewable Energy 63, pp. 617-623.

Kim, S.J., Jung, S.H., Kim, J.S. (2010) Fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shells: Influence of operation parameters on the bio-oil yield and the yield of phenol and phenolic compounds, Bioresource Technology 101(23), pp. 9294-9300.

Would it improve the structure of compacted soil and/or contribute to soil crumb formation of poorly structured soils?
Yes
Justification, references

A szerkezeti humusztartalom növelésén keresztül javul a talaj szerkezete, ez által nem elképzelhetetlen ilyen irányú hasznosítása.
Ninduangdee, P., Kuprianov, V.I. (2013) Study on burning oil palm kernel shell in a conical fluidized-bed combustor using alumina as the bed material, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 44(6), pp. 1045-1053.

Rashid, R.Z.A., Salleh, H.M., Ani, M.H., Yunus, N.A., Akiyama, T., Purwanto, H. (2014) Reduction of low grade iron ore pellet using palm kernel shell, Renewable Energy 63, pp. 617-623.

Kim, S.J., Jung, S.H., Kim, J.S. (2010) Fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shells: Influence of operation parameters on the bio-oil yield and the yield of phenol and phenolic compounds, Bioresource Technology 101(23), pp. 9294-9300.

Would it be suitable for physical stabilisation and/or texture improvement of loose, quagmire soils?
No information
Would it be suitable for amending sandy soils?
Yes
Justification, references

A szerkezeti humusztartalom növelésén keresztül javul a talaj szerkezete, ez által nem elképzelhetetlen ilyen irányú hasznosítása.
Ninduangdee, P., Kuprianov, V.I. (2013) Study on burning oil palm kernel shell in a conical fluidized-bed combustor using alumina as the bed material, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 44(6), pp. 1045-1053.

Rashid, R.Z.A., Salleh, H.M., Ani, M.H., Yunus, N.A., Akiyama, T., Purwanto, H. (2014) Reduction of low grade iron ore pellet using palm kernel shell, Renewable Energy 63, pp. 617-623.

Kim, S.J., Jung, S.H., Kim, J.S. (2010) Fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shells: Influence of operation parameters on the bio-oil yield and the yield of phenol and phenolic compounds, Bioresource Technology 101(23), pp. 9294-9300.

Would it be suitable for erosion prevention?
No information
Would it be suitable for amending acidic soils?
No
Justification, references

Nem tartalmaz olyan összetevőt mely növelné a talaj kémhatását.

Kim, S.J., Jung, S.H., Kim, J.S. (2010) Fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shells: Influence of operation parameters on the bio-oil yield and the yield of phenol and phenolic compounds, Bioresource Technology 101(23), pp. 9294-9300.

Would it be suitable for amending saline and sodic soils?
No
Justification, references

Nem tartalmaz olyan összetevőt mely csökkentené a talaj kémhatását.

Kim, S.J., Jung, S.H., Kim, J.S. (2010) Fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shells: Influence of operation parameters on the bio-oil yield and the yield of phenol and phenolic compounds, Bioresource Technology 101(23), pp. 9294-9300.

Would it reduce the mobility and availability of the contaminants?
Yes
Justification, references

A belőle készült aktív szén színezékek megkötésére alkalmas.

A. Jumasiah, T.G. Chuah, J. Gimbon, T.S.Y. Choong, I. Azni (2005) Adsorption of basic dye onto palm kernel shell activated carbon: sorption equilibrium and kinetics studies, Desalination 186, (1–3), pp. 57-64.

Would it intensify the mobility, availability of the contaminants?
No information
Would it intensify physical, chemical, and/or biological degradation and decomposition of contaminants?
No information
Would it be suitable for production of geotechnical elements?
Yes
Justification, references

Különböző beton kompozitok adalékanyaga lehet.

Alengaram, U.J., Muhit, B.A.A., Jumaat, M.Z. (2013) Utilization of oil palm kernel shell as lightweight aggregate in concrete – A review Review Article
Construction and Building Materials 38, pp. 161-172.

Alengaram, U.J., Jumaat, M.Z., Mahmud, H., Fayyadh, M.M. (2011) Shear behaviour of reinforced palm kernel shell concrete beams, Construction and Building Materials 25, (6), pp. 2918-2927.

Olanipekun, E.A., Olusola, K.O., Ata, O. (2006) A comparative study of concrete properties using coconut shell and palm kernel shell as coarse aggregates,
Building and Environment 41, (3), pp. 297-301.

Risks associated with potential utilisation in soil

Nagy mennyiségben a talajba helyezve a pentozán hatással számolni kell.
Ezen kívül nem ismert más hasznosítással összefügő kockázata.

Properties of the datasheet
Datasheet id (original)
1347
Creator
Fekete-Kertész Ildikó
Status
Verified
Adatlap típusaWaste / by-product survey
Létrehozás
Módosítás