Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Group
- 02 WASTES FROM AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, AQUACULTURE, FORESTRY, HUNTING AND FISHING, FOOD PREPARATION AND PROCESSING
- 02 01 wastes from agriculture, horticulture, aquaculture, forestry, hunting and fishing
- 02 01 03 plant-tissue waste
Residue of wheat harvesting. Straw is an agricultural by-product, it is the dry stalks of cereal plants, after the grain and chaff have been removed. Straw makes up about half of the yield of cereal crops.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straw
- Not a chemical substance
- Other inorganic chemical compounds
- nitrogen (total)
- Other inorganic chemical compounds
- phosphorous
- Other inorganic chemical compounds
- potassium
- Other inorganic chemical compounds
- calcium
- Not a chemical substance
- Not a chemical substance
- Not a chemical substance
Raw fiber, proteins, lipids, nutritional elements.
Partially or fully mineralised components can be introduced into the element-cycles by microbial and plant use. The nonmineralised part can take part in humus formation. Directly mixed into the soil we introduce high C/N ratio organic material, which leads to the accumulation of carbon respirating bacteria, and the build up of low N content into the temporary cells. This process results accessable N for plants. The N content of the microorganisms is released after their death, when the straw is consumed. If our aim is nutrition supplement, the straw should be mixed into compost or manure and together it is biodegraded by the microorganisms. If our aim is soil loosening, or the increase of humus content, the straw should be mixed into the soil directly. In this case we have to calculate with the change of the soil’s biological sructure.
Total organic content: 8.3%; N: 0.62%; P:0.07%; K:0.79%; Ca: 0.21%; Protein: 3.9%; Raw fiber: 36.9%; Lipid: 1.5%
In mushroom compost as the base material; energetical utilization, animal feed, basketry, bedding: humans or livestock, biofuels, biomass, construction material, thatching.
Directly mixed into the soil high C/N ratio organic material is introduced to the soil, which leads to the accumulation of the carbon-respirating bacteria. In this case we have to calculate with the change of soil microbiodiversity.
Thanks to its high organic material content, wheat straw can be used for soil improvment.
http://phd.lib.uni-corvinus.hu/524/1/ferenc_krisztina.pdf
http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/field/news/croppest/2007/05cp…
http://www.gardenguides.com/100402-add-wheat-straw-garden-soil.html
Denitrifikációs veszteség csökkentésére alkalmas: http://enfo.agt.bme.hu/drupal/etanfolyam/12612
TAN De-shui, JIN Ji-yun, HUANG Shao-wen, LI Shu-tian, HE Ping (2007) Effect of Long-Term Application of K Fertilizer and Wheat Straw to Soil on Crop Yield and Soil K Under Different Planting Systems, Agricultural Sciences in China 6(2), pp. 200-207
Coskan, A., Gök, M., Onac, I., Inal, I., Saglamtimur, T. The Effect of Wheat Straw, Corn Straw and Tobacco Residues on Denitrification Losses in a Field Planted with Wheat, (2002) Turk J Agric For 26:349-353
Shindo, H., Nishio, T. Immobilization and remineralization of N following addition of wheat straw into soil: determination of gross N transformation rates
by 15N-ammonium isotope dilution technique Soil Biology & Biochemistry 37 (2005) 425–432
It is a good nitrogen amendment, with some phosphorus content.
http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/field/news/croppest/2007/05cp…
http://www.gardenguides.com/100402-add-wheat-straw-garden-soil.html
TAN De-shui, JIN Ji-yun, HUANG Shao-wen, LI Shu-tian, HE Ping (2007) Effect of Long-Term Application of K Fertilizer and Wheat Straw to Soil on Crop Yield and Soil K Under Different Planting Systems, Agricultural Sciences in China 6(2), pp. 200-207
Coskan, A., Gök, M., Onac, I., Inal, I., Saglamtimur, T. The Effect of Wheat Straw, Corn Straw and Tobacco Residues on Denitrification Losses in a Field Planted with Wheat, (2002) Turk J Agric For 26:349-353
Shindo, H., Nishio, T. Immobilization and remineralization of N following addition of wheat straw into soil: determination of gross N transformation rates
by 15N-ammonium isotope dilution technique Soil Biology & Biochemistry 37 (2005) 425–432
Thanks to its high organic material content, wheat straw can be used for improving the humus content of soil.
http://phd.lib.uni-corvinus.hu/524/1/ferenc_krisztina.pdf
Thanks to its high organic material content, wheat straw can be used in growth media.
http://phd.lib.uni-corvinus.hu/524/1/ferenc_krisztina.pdf
http://greencenteracres.com/id34.html
WenJie Yang, FengLing Guo, ZhengJie Wan (2013) Yield and size of oyster mushroom grown on rice/wheat straw basal substrate supplemented with cotton seed hull,
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, In Press
Daniel J. Royse, Jose E. Sanchez (2007) Ground wheat straw as a substitute for portions of oak wood chips used in shiitake (Lentinula edodes) substrate formulae Original Research Article, Bioresource Technology 98(11), pp. 2137-2141.
J.-M. Savoie, N. Minvielle, N. Chalaux (1994) Estimation of wheat straw quality for edible mushroom production and effects of a growth regulator, Bioresource Technology 48(2), pp. 149-153.
Thanks to its high organic material content, wheat straw can improve the humus content of soil.
http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/pub811/1tillage.htm table1-9
Blanco-Canqui, H., Lal, R. (2007) Impacts of Long-Term Wheat Straw Management on Soil Hydraulic Properties under No-Tillage Soil Science Society of America Journal 71(4), pp. 1166-1173.
Straw bales are sometimes used for sediment control at construction sites. However, bales are often ineffective in protecting water quality and are maintenance-intensive. For these reasons the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and various state agencies recommend use of alternative sediment control practices where possible, such as silt fences, fiber rolls and geotextiles.
California Stormwater Quality Association. Menlo Park, CA. “California Stormwater BMP Handbook: Straw Bale Barrier.” Best Management Practice (BMP) No. SE-9. January 2003.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC. 'National Menu of Stormwater Best Management Practices: Straw or Hay Bales.' June 1, 2006.
R. P. C. Morgan,R. Jane Rickson (1995) Slope stabilization and erosion control: a bioengineering approach, E & FN Spon
Feasible for the immobilization of heavy metals.
Forrás: http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&v…
Biodegradable:
M. Valmaseda, G. Almendros, A.T. Martínez (1991) Chemical transformation of wheat straw constituents after solid-state fermentation with selected lignocellulose-degrading fungi, Biomass and Bioenergy 1(5), pp. 261-266.
In many parts of the world, straw is used to bind clay and concrete. A mixture of clay and straw, known as cob, can be used as a building material. There are many recipes for making cob.
When baled, straw has moderate insulation characteristics (about R-1.5/inch according to Oak Ridge National Lab and Forest Product Lab testing). It can be used, alone or in a post-and-beam construction, to build straw bale houses. When bales are used to build or insulate buildings, the straw bales are commonly finished with earthen plaster. The plastered walls provide some thermal mass, compressive and ductile structural strength, and acceptable fire resistance as well as thermal resistance (insulation), somewhat in excess of North American building code. Straw is an abundant agricultural waste product, and requires little energy to bale and transport for construction. For these reasons, strawbale construction is gaining popularity as part of passive solar and other renewable energy projects.
Mulching:
Bilalis, D., Sidiras, N., Economou, G., Vakali, C. (2003) Effect of Different Levels of Wheat Straw Soil Surface Coverage on Weed Flora in Vicia faba Crops Journal of Agronomy & Crop Science 189(4), pp. 233-241.
S.X. Li, Z.H. Wang, S.Q. Li, Y.J. Gao, X.H. Tian (2013) Effect of plastic sheet mulch, wheat straw mulch, and maize growth on water loss by evaporation in dryland areas of China, Agricultural Water Management 116, pp. 39-49.
Directly mixed into the soil high C/N ratio organic material is introduced to the soil, which leads to the accumulation of the carbon-respirating bacteria. In this case we have to calculate with the change of soil microbiodiversity.