Gyapot feldolgozás maradéka

Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Group

Organisation/Data provider's nameBudapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Group
Name of contact
Dr. Molnár Mónika, Dr. Feigl Viktória
Telephone/fax
+36-1-4632347
Denomination of the waste or by-productGyapot feldolgozás maradéka
Denomination of the waste or by-product in English
Cotton processing residue
Type of the waste or by-product data-sheet
General characterization
Functional characterisation
Non-hazardous waste from agriculture and forestry
EWC code of waste
  • 02 WASTES FROM AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE, AQUACULTURE, FORESTRY, HUNTING AND FISHING, FOOD PREPARATION AND PROCESSING
  • 02 01 wastes from agriculture, horticulture, aquaculture, forestry, hunting and fishing
  • 02 01 03 plant-tissue waste
Consistency of the waste or by-product
Solid
Description of the waste generating technology

A gyapot hántolása, feldolgozása során keletkezett növényi hulladék, beleértve a szár darabokat, a sorját és a gyapotlinter részeket is.
A gyapotszedés a legutóbbi időkig kézi munka volt. A felnyílott tokokból a magvas gyapotot kitépik és zsákokba gyűjtik. A gépi szedés csak a 20. században fejlődött ki és ma már széles körben elterjedt. Ezt követőleg a magvas gyapotot meg kell tisztítani a szennyeződésektől, majd a szálakat le kell választani a magokról (ez az egrenálás művelete), mégpedig oly módon, hogy a szálak a lehető legkevésbé sérüljenek, végül a magtalanított szálakat – amelyeket most már pamutszálaknak neveznek – szállításra alkalmas módon bálákba kell csomagolni. Az egrenálás után a magon maradt pihék (egészen rövid szálacskák) leválasztását külön végzik. 100 kg magvas gyapotból átlagosan mintegy 32 kg pamutszál, 1 kg pihe és 66 kg mag nyerhető; a fennmaradó rész nem hasznosítható virágpor és más szennyeződés. A pamutszálakat a textilipar dolgozza fel (belőle általában fonalat készítenek), a pihéből (idegen szóval: linters) vattát és ipari cellulózt készítenek, a magból étolajat és ipari olajat sajtolnak; a sajtolás után fennmaradó olajpogácsát takarmányozásra és trágyázásra használják.
Forrás: http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamut

Is it a hazardous waste?
no
Characterisation of the waste as a chemical substance
Blend
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other inorganic chemical compounds
  • carbon
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
24 %
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other inorganic chemical compounds
  • nitorgen (Kjeldhal)
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
1.83 %
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other inorganic chemical compounds
  • phosphorus pentoxide
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
1.44 %
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Metals, semi-metals and their compounds
  • potassium oxide (K2O)
Other type of chemical substance
K2O
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
2.4 %
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other inorganic chemical compounds
  • calcium
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
106 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other inorganic chemical compounds
  • magnesium
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
21 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Metals, semi-metals and their compounds
  • iron
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
2.6 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Metals, semi-metals and their compounds
  • copper
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
0.04 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Metals, semi-metals and their compounds
  • manganese
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
0.38 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Metals, semi-metals and their compounds
  • zinc
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
0.09 mg/kg
Name of the waste/by-product
Gyapot héj
Components of the waste/by-product

Gyapotlinter (pihe): hamu: 2,1; Lignin: 8,9; Holocellulóz: 86,9; Cellulóz: 66,6; Hemicellulóz: 20,3
Gyapot sorja és szár és pihe-gyapot magtalanítás hulladéka (% szárazanyagtartalomra vonatkoztatva): C: 24%; nitrogén: 1,83%; C/N arány: 13; P2O5: 1,44%; K2O: 2,4%;
Nyomelemek: Ca: 106 mg/kg; Mg: 21 mg/kg; Fe: 2,6 mg/kg; Cu: 0,04 mg/kg; Mn: 0,38 mg/kg; Zn: 0,09 mg/kg;

Forrás:
Tejada, M., Dobao, M.M., Benitez, C., Gonzalez, J.L (2001) Study of composting of cotton residues, Bioresource Technology 79(2), pp. 199-202.

pH
6.6
C/N ratio
13
Homogeneity
Inhomogeneous
Pozzolan activity
no
Is this waste or by-product being utilised?
Yes
Utilisation

Papír iparban, papír restaurálás során alapanyagként hasznosítják.
Forrás:
http://epa.oszk.hu/01300/01367/00183/pdf/03muhelykerdesek.pdf
http://epa.oszk.hu/00800/00863/00009/pdf/00009.pdf

Égetéssel vagy üzemanyag előállításával energia nyerhető belőle.

Gomes, R.S., Wilson, P.N., Coates, W.E., Fox, R.W. (1997) Cotton (Gossypium) plant residue for industrial fuel: An economic assessment, Industrial Crops and Products 7(1), pp. 1-8.

White, D.H., Coates, W.E., Wolf, D. (1996) Conversion of cotton plant and cotton gin residues to fuels by the extruder feeder liquefaction process, Bioresource Technology 56(1), pp. 117-123.

Skordilis, A.D. (1992) Combustion of cotton gin residues in a lime kiln reactor, Bioresource Technology 40(3), pp. 241-244.

Gemtos, T.A, Tsiricoglou, T. (1999) Harvesting of cotton residue for energy production, Biomass and Bioenergy 16(1), pp. 51-59.

References on utilisation

Mehrdad Adl, Kuichuan Sheng, Arash Gharibi: Technical assessment of bioenergy recovery from cotton stalks through anaerobic digestion process and the effects of inexpensive pre-treatments, Applied Energy, Volume 93, May 2012, Pages 251-260

Sharif M. Masud, Ronald D. Lacewell, Edward A. Hiler: Economic implications of cotton gin trash and sorghum residues as alternative energy sources, Energy in Agriculture, Volume 1, 1981–1982, Pages 267-280

T.A Gemtos, Th Tsiricoglou: Harvesting of cotton residue for energy production, Biomass and Bioenergy, Volume 16, Issue 1, January 1999, Pages 51-59

Wayne Coates: Using cotton plant residue to produce briquettes, Biomass and Bioenergy, Volume 18, Issue 3, March 2000, Pages 201-208

Hazard characteristics
Not classified
No information
Measured harmful effects
No
Suspected harmful effects

Nem ismert hasznosítással összefüggő kockázat.

Would it be suitable for soil reclamation in general?
Yes
Justification, references

Komposztálás után talajba keverhető.
Tejada, M., Dobao, M.M., Benitez, C., Gonzalez, J.L (2001) Study of composting of cotton residues, Bioresource Technology 79(2), pp. 199-202.

Lachnicht, S.L., Hendrix, P.F., Potter, R.L., Coleman, D.C., Crossley Jr., D.A. (2004) Winter decomposition of transgenic cotton residue in conventional-till and no-till systems, Applied Soil Ecology 27(2), pp. 135-142.

Would it supply nitrogen, phosphorous and/or potassium to the soil?
Yes
Justification, references

Nitrogén, foszfor és kálium pótlására alkalmas.
Forrás:
Tejada, M., Dobao, M.M., Benitez, C., Gonzalez, J.L (2001) Study of composting of cotton residues, Bioresource Technology 79(2), pp. 199-202.

Would it supply mesoelements (Ca, Cl, Fe, Mg, Na, S, Si) to the soil?
Yes
Justification, references

Ca, Fe és Mg pótlására alkalmas.
Forrás:
Tejada, M., Dobao, M.M., Benitez, C., Gonzalez, J.L (2001) Study of composting of cotton residues, Bioresource Technology 79(2), pp. 199-202.

Would it supply microelements (B, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Zn, V) to the soil?
Yes
Justification, references

Kis mennyiségben tartalmaz rezet, mangánt és cinket.
Forrás:
Tejada, M., Dobao, M.M., Benitez, C., Gonzalez, J.L (2001) Study of composting of cotton residues, Bioresource Technology 79(2), pp. 199-202.

Would it provide sufficient amounts of special nutrients to the soil?
No
Would it increase the humus/organic matter content of the soil?
Yes
Justification, references

Szerves anyag tartalmának köszönhetően alkalmas.
Forrás:
Tejada, M., Dobao, M.M., Benitez, C., Gonzalez, J.L (2001) Study of composting of cotton residues, Bioresource Technology 79(2), pp. 199-202.

Would it suffice as a main component of growing media?
No
Would it suffice as an additive to growing media?
Yes
Justification, references

Magas szerves anyag és makro-, valamint mikroelem tartalmának köszönhetően alkalmas.
Forrás:
Tejada, M., Dobao, M.M., Benitez, C., Gonzalez, J.L (2001) Study of composting of cotton residues, Bioresource Technology 79(2), pp. 199-202.

Yang, W., Guo, F.L., Wan, Z.J. (2013) Yield and size of oyster mushroom grown on rice/wheat straw basal substrate supplemented with cottonseed hull, Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 20(4), pp. 333-338.

Would it improve the structure of compacted soil and/or contribute to soil crumb formation of poorly structured soils?
Yes
Justification, references

Javítja a talaj mechanikai tulajdonságait, megakadályozza a talaj tömörödését.
Forrás:
Rawitz, E., Hadas, A., Etkin, H., Margolin, M. (1994)Short-term variations of soil physical properties as a function of the amounts and C/N ratio of decomposing cotton residues. II. Soil compressibility, water retention and hydraulic conductivity, Soil and Tillage Research 32(2–3), pp. 199-212.

Would it be suitable for physical stabilisation and/or texture improvement of loose, quagmire soils?
No information
Would it be suitable for amending sandy soils?
Yes
Justification, references

A szerkezeti humusztartalom növelésén keresztül alkalmas lehet.

Would it be suitable for erosion prevention?
No
Would it be suitable for amending acidic soils?
No
Would it be suitable for amending saline and sodic soils?
No
Would it reduce the mobility and availability of the contaminants?
No information
Would it intensify the mobility, availability of the contaminants?
No information
Would it intensify physical, chemical, and/or biological degradation and decomposition of contaminants?
No information
Would it be suitable for production of geotechnical elements?
Yes
Justification, references

Bajwa, S.G., Bajwa, D.S., Holt, G., Coffelt, T., Nakayama, F. (2011) Properties of thermoplastic composites with cotton and guayule biomass residues as fiber fillers, Industrial Crops and Products 33(3), pp. 747-755.

Sun, X., Lu, C., Liu, Y., Zhang, W., Zhang, X. (2014) Melt-processed poly(vinyl alcohol) composites filled with microcrystalline cellulose from waste cottonfabrics, Carbohydrate Polymers 101(30), pp. 642-649.

Other potential utilisation in soil

Mulcsként alkalmazva javítja a talaj vízháztartását.
Yang, G., Zhou, X., Li,C., Nie, Y., Zhang, X. (2013) Cotton stubble mulching helps in the yield improvement of subsequent winter canola (Brassica napus L.) crop, Industrial Crops and Products 50, p. 190-196.

Risks associated with potential utilisation in soil

Nem ismert hasznosítással összefüggő kockázat.

Datasheet id (original)
1336
Creator
Fekete-Kertész Ildikó
Status
Verified
Adatlap típusaWaste / by-product survey
Létrehozás
Módosítás