Élelmiszer hulladék hamu

Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Group

Organisation/Data provider's nameBudapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Group
Name of contact
Dr. Molnár Mónika, Dr. Feigl Viktória
Telephone/fax
+36-1-4632347
Denomination of the waste or by-productÉlelmiszer hulladék hamu
Denomination of the waste or by-product in English
Food scrap ash (FSA)
Type of the waste or by-product data-sheet
General characterization
Functional characterisation
Non-hazardous waste from power industry
EWC code of waste
  • 10 WASTES FROM THERMAL PROCESSES
  • 10 01 wastes from power stations and other combustion plants (except 19)
  • 10 01 99 wastes not otherwise specified
Consistency of the waste or by-product
Solid
Description of the waste generating technology

A hamú előállításához több helyről származó élelmiszer-hulladékot gyűjtöttek össze, majd levegőn megszárították és 5 órán keresztül égették 850°C-on [1].

Az adatlapon megjelölt tartalmak:
[1] Fu-Shen Zhang, S. Yamasaki, M. Nanzyo (2002) Waste ashes for use in agricultural production: I. Liming effect, contents of plant nutrients and chemical characteristics of some metals, The Science of the Total Environment 284:215-225

Any special characteristics of the waste or by-product

Az égetés után kapott pernyék szemcsemérete 0.25 mm alatt volt [1].

Is it a hazardous waste?
no
Characterisation of the waste as a chemical substance
Product
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other inorganic chemical compounds
  • phosphorous
Other type of chemical substance
Teljes foszfor tartalom, Forrás: [1]
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Main component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
24500 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other inorganic chemical compounds
  • phosphorous
Other type of chemical substance
Növények számára elérhető formában, Forrás: [1]
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Main component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
7200 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other inorganic chemical compounds
  • phosphorous
Other type of chemical substance
Vízoldható formában jelenlévő, Forrás: [1]
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Main component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
66800 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other inorganic chemical compounds
  • sodium
Other type of chemical substance
Forrás: [1]
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Main component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
32400 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other inorganic chemical compounds
  • magnesium
Other type of chemical substance
Forrás: [1]
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Main component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
23800 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Metals, semi-metals and their compounds
  • aluminium
Other type of chemical substance
Forrás: [1]
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Main component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
73300 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other inorganic chemical compounds
  • potassium
Other type of chemical substance
Forrás: [1]
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Main component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
14800 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other inorganic chemical compounds
  • calcium
Other type of chemical substance
Forrás: [1]
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Main component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
78200 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Metals, semi-metals and their compounds
  • manganese
Other type of chemical substance
Forrás: [1]
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
1000 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Metals, semi-metals and their compounds
  • iron
Other type of chemical substance
Forrás: [1]
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
1400 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Metals, semi-metals and their compounds
  • titanium
Other type of chemical substance
Forrás: [1]
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
39.5 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Metals, semi-metals and their compounds
  • vanadium
Other type of chemical substance
Forrás: [1]
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Component
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
64.4 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Metals, semi-metals and their compounds
  • chromium
Other type of chemical substance
Forrás: [1]
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Contaminant
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
77.9 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Metals, semi-metals and their compounds
  • cobalt
Other type of chemical substance
Forrás: [1]
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Contaminant
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
44.1 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Metals, semi-metals and their compounds
  • nickel
Other type of chemical substance
Forrás: [1]
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Contaminant
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
67.7 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Metals, semi-metals and their compounds
  • copper
Other type of chemical substance
Forrás: [1]
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Contaminant
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
95.4 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Metals, semi-metals and their compounds
  • zinc
Other type of chemical substance
Forrás: [1]
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Contaminant
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
281 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Metals, semi-metals and their compounds
  • strontium
Other type of chemical substance
Forrás: [1]
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Contaminant
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
405 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Metals, semi-metals and their compounds
  • cadmium
Other type of chemical substance
Forrás: [1]
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Contaminant
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
1.8 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Metals, semi-metals and their compounds
  • tin
Other type of chemical substance
Forrás: [1]
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Contaminant
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
3.3 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Other inorganic chemical compounds
  • barium
Other type of chemical substance
Forrás: [1]
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Contaminant
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
201 mg/kg
Chemical substance, Main group|Chemical substance, Subgroup
  • Metals, semi-metals and their compounds
  • lead
Other type of chemical substance
Forrás: [1]
Is the contained chemical substance main component, component or contaminant of the waste or by-products / biochar?
Contaminant
Concentration of the chemical in the waste or by-product / biochar
14.5 mg/kg
Name of the waste/by-product
Élelmiszer hulladék hamu
Components of the waste/by-product

A pontos összetételt a vegyi anyag tartalom pont alatt megadtuk.

Other characteristics of the waste/by-product

Szervetlen anyagokból áll, amelyek bekerülnek a biológiai rendszerkbe, elemkörforgalmakba, átalakulva vagy eredeti formában. A talaj szervetlen strukturális alkotóelemeibe, oxidokban, hidroxidokba és anyagásványokba beépülnek. Talajnedvességgel hidrolizál, illetve a puzzolán-aktivitásnak megfelelő reakciók játszódnak le. A tápanyagként hasznosítható elemeket a növények és más élőlények felveszik, beépítik szervezetükbe.

pH
10.8
Homogeneity
Inhomogeneous
Pozzolan activity
yes
Other

Megvizsgálták a meszező hatását a Swedish National Board of Agriculture (1950) alapján, ami ekvivalens a CaO-tartalommal: 19.3% [1].
Swedish National Board of Agriculture, editor. Circular No. 7 (in Swedish), Stockholm, Sweden. 1950:68-69

Is this waste or by-product being utilised?
Yes
Utilisation

Japánban meszező anyagkén a talajhoz keverve.

References on utilisation

Fu-Shen Zhang, S. Yamasaki, M. Nanzyo (2002) Waste ashes for use in agricultural production: I. Liming effect, contents of plant nutrients and chemical characteristics of some metals, The Science of the Total Environment 284:215-225

Hazard characteristics
Not classified
Measured harmful effects
Yes
If harmful effect was measured, please, specify what was measured, which method was used, who did the measurement, and what was the result

Fu-Shen Zhang és mts. (2002) a fémtartalmat vizsgálták, ami az Pb kivételével a Japán talajokban áltlagban előfordulú szintet nem haladta meg [1].
[1] Fu-Shen Zhang, S. Yamasaki, M. Nanzyo (2002) Waste ashes for use in agricultural production: I. Liming effect, contents of plant nutrients and chemical characteristics of some metals, The Science of the Total Environment 284:215-225

Suspected harmful effects

Veszélyesség: alkotóelemei és vegyületei nem minősülnek veszélyes anyagnak, semlegestől eltérő pH-ja a már jelenlévő vegyi anyagok mozgékonyságát megváltoztathatja (pl. As-mobilizálás, vagy növényi tápionok immobilizálása, stb.). Puzzolán aktivitás miatt spontán tömbösödés bekövetkezhet.
Felhasználását toxikus-elem tartalma szabja meg, mivel ez magas lehet.

Would it be suitable for soil reclamation in general?
Yes
Justification, references

Igen, nagy mikroelem tartalmának köszönhetően.

Would it supply nitrogen, phosphorous and/or potassium to the soil?
Yes
Justification, references

Mivel az átlagos foszfor- (10-29 g/kg) és kálium- (14-63 g/kg) tartalom az ilyen típusú hulladékok pernyéjében elegendő ahhoz, hogy pótolja ezeket a tápanyagokat a talajban [1][3].
[1] Fu-Shen Zhang, S. Yamasaki, M. Nanzyo (2002) Waste ashes for use in agricultural production: I. Liming effect, contents of plant nutrients and chemical characteristics of some metals, The Science of the Total Environment 284:215-225, [3] Fu-Shen Zhang, S. Yamasaki, K. Kimura (2002) Waste ashes for use in agricultural production: II. Contents of minor and trace metals, The Science of the Total Environment 286:111-118

Would it supply mesoelements (Ca, Cl, Fe, Mg, Na, S, Si) to the soil?
Yes
Justification, references

Nincs konkrét információ/referencia, de más pernyékhez és hamukhoz hasonlóan tápelemtartalma miatt alkalmas lehet.

Would it supply microelements (B, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Zn, V) to the soil?
Yes
Justification, references

Igen, mivel jelentős mennyiségű mikro-tápanyagot tartalmaz, a Mn, Zn és Cu pótlására alkalmas lehet talajban [2][3].
[2] M.W. Pasquini, M.J. Alexander (2004) Chemical properties of urban waste ash produced by open burning on the Jos Plateau: implications for agriculture, The Science of the Total Environment 319:225–240, [3] Fu-Shen Zhang, S. Yamasaki, K. Kimura (2002) Waste ashes for use in agricultural production: II. Contents of minor and trace metals, The Science of the Total Environment 286:111-118

Would it provide sufficient amounts of special nutrients to the soil?
Yes
Justification, references

Nincs konkrét információ/referencia, de más pernyékhez és hamukhoz hasonlóan tápelemtartalma miatt alkalmas lehet.

Would it increase the humus/organic matter content of the soil?
No
Would it suffice as a main component of growing media?
No
Would it suffice as an additive to growing media?
Yes
Justification, references

Nincs konkrét információ/referencia, de más pernyékhez és hamukhoz hasonlóan mikroelem tartalma és textúrajavító hatása miatt.

Would it improve the structure of compacted soil and/or contribute to soil crumb formation of poorly structured soils?
No
Justification, references

Puzzolán tulajdonságai miatt

Would it be suitable for physical stabilisation and/or texture improvement of loose, quagmire soils?
Yes
Justification, references

Nincs konkrét információ/referencia, de más pernyékhez és hamukhoz hasonlóan a puzzolános tulajdonságai miatt alkalmas lehet.

Would it be suitable for amending sandy soils?
Yes
Justification, references

Nincs konkrét információ/referencia, de más pernyékhez és hamukhoz hasonlóan kiegyensúlyozza a szemcseméreteloszlást: homok mellé a finom frakciót biztosítja

Would it be suitable for erosion prevention?
Yes
Justification, references

Nincs konkrét információ/referencia, de más pernyékhez és hamukhoz hasonlóan a puzzolános tulajdonságai miatt, textúrajavító hatásamiatta alkalmas lehet. Mindemellett a növények megtelepedését elősegíti.

Would it be suitable for amending acidic soils?
Yes
Justification, references

A savanyú talajok semlegesítésére alkalmas, meszező hatása a 10-30% között változó CaO-tartalmának, magas pH-jának, K- és Mg-tartalmának köszönhető [1][3].
[1] Fu-Shen Zhang, S. Yamasaki, M. Nanzyo (2002) Waste ashes for use in agricultural production: I. Liming effect, contents of plant nutrients and chemical characteristics of some metals, The Science of the Total Environment 284:215-225, [3] Fu-Shen Zhang, S. Yamasaki, K. Kimura (2002) Waste ashes for use in agricultural production: II. Contents of minor and trace metals, The Science of the Total Environment 286:111-118

Would it be suitable for amending saline and sodic soils?
Yes
Justification, references

Jelentős Ca-tartalma miatt [1].
[1] Fu-Shen Zhang, S. Yamasaki, M. Nanzyo (2002) Waste ashes for use in agricultural production: I. Liming effect, contents of plant nutrients and chemical characteristics of some metals, The Science of the Total Environment 284:215-225

Would it reduce the mobility and availability of the contaminants?
Yes
Justification, references

Nincs konkrét információ/referencia, de más pernyékhez és hamukhoz hasonlóan a magas szilikáttartalmának köszönhetően képes a mállási folyamatok megfordítására, melynek során a fémek visszakötnek a molekularácsba.

Would it intensify the mobility, availability of the contaminants?
Yes
Justification, references

Nincs konkrét információ/referencia, de más pernyékhez és hamukhoz hasonlóan a lúgos pernyék a lúgosan hidrolizáló talajalkotó ásványokat kilúgozhatják ( arzenátok, szelenátok, nickelátok, kromátok).

Would it intensify physical, chemical, and/or biological degradation and decomposition of contaminants?
Yes
Justification, references

Nincs konkrét információ/referencia, de más pernyékhez és hamukhoz hasonlóan a kolloid mérettartományának (nagy fajlagos felületű szemcsék) és mikroelemtartalmának köszönhetően jó baktérium élőhelyet biztosít.

Would it be suitable for production of geotechnical elements?
Yes
Justification, references

Nincs konkrét információ/referencia, de más pernyékhez és hamukhoz hasonlóan a puzzolán-aktivitása, szilikáttartalma, illetve finom frakciója miatt alkalmas lehet. Felszín alatti résfal, vízzáró izoláció készíthető belőle.

Other potential utilisation in soil

A növények learatása után a talajból eltávozó hamutartalom pótlására alkalmas.
A japánok ajánlása szerint 600-4700 t/ha az a hamu mennyiség, amit a Japán talajokhoz hozzá lehet adni, ennek a mennyiségnek a fémtartalom szab határt.

Risks associated with potential utilisation in soil

Tárolás közben esővíz hatására megszilárdulhat. Szállítás, rakodás: szállópor kiporzása kontrollálandó. Nedvesítés nem jó megoldás a porzás ellen, mert víz hatására aktiválódik a puzzolán hatás. Ha a hamu nem tartalmaz magas koncentrációban nehéz-fémeket, alkalmazható lehet mint meszező anyag.

Datasheet id (original)
1480
Creator
Ujaczki Éva
Status
Verified
Adatlap típusaWaste / by-product survey
Létrehozás
Módosítás